ἐπί

1758 ἐπί (before a smooth breathing ἐπ’ , before a rough breathing ἐφ’ ), prep. c. gen., dat., acc. (acc. most freq. in NT), with primary sense of superposition, on, upon . C. gen., of place, answering the question, where? of the place on which, on, upon : ἐπὶ (τ.) γῆς , Mt 6:10 , 19 , al.; τ. κεφαλῆς , I Co 11:10 ; τ. νεφελῶν , Mt 24:30 , al.; like ἐν , in constr. praegn. after verbs of motion: βάλλειν , Mk 4:26 ; σπείρειν , ib. 31 ; ἔρχεσθαι , He 6:7 , al.; fig., ἐπ’ ἀληθείας (MM, s.v. ἀ. ); of the subject of thought or speech, Ga 3:16 ; of power or authority, over , πάντων , Ro 9:5 : τ. γάζης , Ac 8:27 ; ἐξουσία , Re 2:26 20:6 ; of vicinity, at, by : τ. θαλάσσης , Jo 6:9 ; τ. ὁδοῦ , Mt 21:19 ; τοῦ βάτου , Mk 12:26 (v. Swete, in l.); c. gen. pers., in the presence of, before , Mt 28:14 , Ac 23:30 , I Co 6:1 , al. Of time, c. gen. pers., in the time of : ἐπὶ Ἐλισαίου , Lk 4:27 ; ἐπὶ Κλαυδίου , Ac 11:28 ; ἐπὶ Ἀβιάθαρ ἀρχιερέως , when A. was high priest , Mk 2:26 ; c. gen. rei, at, at the time of : Mt 1:11 , He 1:2 , II Pe 3:3 ; ἐπὶ τ. προσευχῶν , Ro 1:10 , Eph 1:16 , I Th 1:2 , Phm 4 . C. dat., of place, answering the question, where? lit., on, upon : Mt 9:16 , 14:8 , al.; after verbs of motion (v. supr., I, 1, ( a )), Mt 9:16 Ac 8:16 ; above , Lk 23:38 ; at, by , Mk 13:29 , Jo 5:2 , Ac 5:9 , al.; metaph., upon, on the ground of , Lk 4:4 (LXX) ; in the matter of , Mk 6:52 (v. Swete, in l.); upon, of, concerning , Ac 5:35 , 40 ; of the ground, reason or motive (Bl., §38, 2; 43, 3), Mt 18:3 19:9 , Ro 12:12 , al.; ἐφ’ ᾧ , for the reason that, because , Ro 5:12 II Co 5:4 ; after verbs of motion, over , Mt 18:13 , Ro 16:19 , al.; of a condition (cl.), Ro 8:20 , I Co 9:10 ; ἐπὶ δυσὶ μάρτυσιν (v. Westc. on He 9:10 ), He 10:28 ; of purpose or aim, Eph 2:10 , Phl 4:10 ; of authority, over , Mt 24:47 Lk 12:44 ; of hostility, c. dat. pers. (cl.), against , Lk 12:52 ; in addition to (cl.), II Co 7:13 ; of an adjunct, in, at, on , Phl 1:3 2:17 . C. acc., of place of motion upon or over, answering the question, whither? lit., upon, over : Mt 14:28 , 29 , Lk 5:19 , al. mult.; in NT also, answering the question, where? (as c. gen., dat.), Mk 4:38 11:2 , Lk 2:25 , Jo 1:32 ; ἐπὶ τ. αὐτό , Ac 1:15 2:1 , al.; of motion to a vicinity, to , Mk 16:2 , Ac 8:36 , al.; metaph. (in wh. "the acc. is more widely prevalent than it strictly should be," Bl., §43, 1); of blessings, evils, etc., coming upon one, c. acc. pers., Mt 10:13 12:28 , Ac 2:17 , Jo 18:4 , Eph 5:6 , al.; of addition (dat. in cl.), λύπη ἐπὶ λύπην , Phl 2:27 ; ἐπικαλεῖν ὄνομα ἐπί (v.s. ἐπικαλέω ), Ac 15:17 , Ja 2:7 ; καλεῖν ἐπί , to call after , Lk 1:59 ; of number or degree: ἐπὶ τρίς (cl. εἰς τ. ), thrice , Ac 10:16 11:10 ; ἐπὶ πλεῖον , the more, further , Ac 4:17 II Ti 2:16 3:9 (v. also infr., 2, ( a )); ἐφ’ ὅσον (v. infr., ib.), forasmuch as , Mt 25:40 , 45 , Ro 11:13 ; of power, authority, control, Lk 1:33 , Ac 7:10 Ro 5:14 , He 3:6 , al.; of the direction of thoughts and feelings, unto, towards , Lk 1:17 23:28 , Ac 9:35 , 42 , Ro 11:22 , Ga 4:9 , Eph 2:7 , I Ti 5:5 , al.; of purpose, for , Mt 3:7 , Lk 23:48 ; ἐφ’ ὅ πάρει (Rec. ἐφ’ ᾧ , Mt 26:50 ; of hostility, against , Mt 24:7 , Mk 3:24-26 10:11 13:8 , Lk 9:5 , Jo 13:18 , Ac 7:54 , I Co 7:36 , II Co 1:23 ; Of reference, concerning, for (cl. usually dat.), Mk 9:12 15:24 , Jo 19:24 , Ro 4:9 . Of time, during, for : Lk 4:25 (WH, txt., omits ἐπί ), Ac 13:31 16:18 , He 11:30 , al.; ἐφ’ ὅσον (χρόνον) , as long as, for so long time as , Mk 9:15 Ro 7:1 , al. (for ἐφ’ ὅ in another sense, v. supr., 1, ( b )); ἐφ’ ἱκανόν (v.s. ἱ ), Ac 20:11 ; ἐπὶ πλεῖον (v. supr., 1, (b)), yet longer, further , Ac 20:9 24:4 ; on, about, towards (cl. εἰς ): Lk 10:35 Ac 3:1 4:5 . In composition, ἐπί signifies: up , ἐπαίρω ; upon , ἐπίγειος, ἐπιδημέω, ἐπικαθίζω ; towards , επιβλέπω, ἐπεκτείνω ; over (of superintendence), ἐπιστάτης ; again, in addition , ἐπαιτέω ; against , ἐπιορκέω, ἐπιβουλή .