πνεῦμα

379 πνεῦμα , -τος, τό , ( πνέω ), [in LXX chiefly and very freq. for רוּחַ ;] of air in motion; wind : Jo 3:8 ; pl., He 1:7 (LXX) ; breath : π. ζωῆς , Re 11:11 ; π. τοῦ στόματος , fig., II Th 2:8 (cf. Ps 32 (33):6 ). Of the vital principle, the spirit (Arist., Polyb., al.): Lk 8:55 , Jo 19:30 , Ac 7:59 , al.; opp. to σάρξ , Mt 26:41 , Mk 14:38 , I Co 5:5 , al.; to σῶμα , Ro 8:10 , I Co 6:17 7:34 , I Pe 4:6 ; to ψυχή , Phl 1:27 , He 4:12 ; τὸ π. καὶ ἡ ψ. καὶ τ. σῶμα , I Th 5:23 (M, Th. , in l.); dat., τῷ π. , in spirit , Mk 2:8 8:12 , Jo 11:33 13:21 , Ac 18:25 , Ro 12:11 , I Co 7:34 , I Pe 3:18 , al.; of the human spirit of Christ, Ro 1:4 , I Ti 3:16 . spirit , i.e. frame of mind, disposition, influence: Lk 1:17 , Ro 8:15 , I Co 4:21 , Gal 6:1 , Eph 2:2 , II Ti 1:7 , I Jo 4:6 , al. An incorporeal being, a spirit : Lk 24:37 , 39 , Ac 23:8 ; π. ὁ θεός , God is spirit , Jo 4:24 ; πατὴρ τῶν π. , He 12:9 ; of disembodied human beings, He 12:23 , I Pe 3:19 ( ICC , in l.; DB , iii, 795); of angels. He 1:14 ; of demons or evil spirits, Mt 8:16 , Mk 9:20 , Lk 9:39 , al.; π. πύθωνα , Ac 16:16 ; πνεύματα δαιμονίων , Re 16:14 ; π. δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου , Lk 4:33 ; π. ἀσθενείας (Bl., § 35, 5), Lk 13:11 ; π. ἀκάθαρτον , Mt 10:1 , Mk 1:23 , Lk 4:36 , Ac 5:16 ; π. ἄλαλον ( καὶ κωφόν ), Mk 9:17 , 25 ; πονηρόν , Lk 7:21 , Ac 19:12 , al. Of the Holy Spirit , π. ἅγιον , τὸ ἅ. π. , τὸ π. τὸ ἅ. , τὸ π. , π. (the article as a rule being used when the Spirit is regarded as a Person or a Divine Power, and omitted when the reference is to an operation, influence or gift of the Spirit; v. WM, 151 5 ; Bl., § 46, 7): anarth., Mt 1:18 3:11 , 16 4:1 , Mk 1:8 (Swete, in l.), Mk 1:10 , Lk 1:15 , Jo 7:39 , Ac 19:2 , Ro 5:5 , I Co 2:4 , al.; c. art., Mt 4:1 12:31 , 32 , Mk 1:10 3:29 , Lk 2:26 , Jo 7:36 14:26 , Ac 4:31 5:3 , Ro 8:16 , al.; ( τὸ ) π. ( τοῦ ) θεοῦ , Mt 3:16 , Ro 8:9 , Eph 3:16 , I Jo 4:2 , al.; τὸ π. τ. πατρός , Mt 10:20 ; π. θεοῦ ζῶντος , II Co 3:3 ; ( τὸ ) π. τοῦ κυρίου , Lk 4:18 , Ac 5:9 8:39 ; τὸ π. Ἰησοῦ , Ac 16:7 ; Χριστοῦ , Ro 8:9 ; Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ , Phl 1:19 ; τὸ π. τ. ἀληθείας , Jo 15:26 16:13 , I Jo 4:6 ; λείγει ( μαρτυρεῖ ) τὸ π. ( τὸ ἅγιον ), Ac 21:11 28:25 , I Ti 4:1 , He 3:7 10:15 , Re 14:13 ; seq. τ. ἐκκλησίαις , Re 2:7 , 11 , 17 , 29 , 3:6 , 13 , 22 ; ἐν τ. π. , Lk 2:27 ; κατὰ πνεῦμα , Ro 8:4 , 5 ; ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ π. , Jo 3:5 ; διὰ πνεύματος αἰωνίου , He 9:14 ; ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος , II Th 2:18 , I Pe 1:2 ; ἓν π. , I Co 12:13 , Eph 2:18 4:4 ; ὁ δὲ κύριος τὸ π. ἐστιν , II Co 3:17 ; of that which is effected or governed by the Spirit, opp. to γράμμα , Ro 2:29 7:6 , II Co 3:6 . SYN. : νοῦς , which in NT is contrasted with π. as "the action of the understanding in man with that of the spiritual or ecstatic impulse" ( DB , iv, 612); ψυχή —the usual term in cl. psychology—in NT, "expresses man as apart from God, a separate individual, π. expresses man as drawing his life from God" ( DB , 1-vol., 872).